What are three normal characteristics of urine?

The choice that includes pale or clear yellowish color, no odor, and pH levels of 4.5-8 accurately reflects the normal characteristics of urine.

Urine is typically a pale to clear yellow color due to the presence of urochrome, a pigment resulting from the breakdown of hemoglobin. A clear appearance generally indicates good hydration levels, while a yellow hue can signify concentration levels of waste products.

Normal urine should have a faint odor. A strong odor may suggest the presence of certain substances, possibly indicating a medical concern or infection, while a complete lack of odor can be representative of diluted urine.

The pH levels of urine can vary but normally range from 4.5 to 8, which accounts for the body’s metabolic processes and dietary intake. This range maintains a healthy balance in urine acidity, supporting various bodily functions and protecting against infections.

This option clearly captures the parameters and characteristics that are recognized as typical for urine, aligning well with medical understanding and practices in nursing.